AnImMal FArM
Animal Farm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This page is about novels by George Orwell. For other uses, see Animal Farm (disambiguation).
Animal Farm is a satirical allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945.
The book tells the story of a group of farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to create a
society where the animals can be equal, free, and happy. Ultimately, the rebellion is betrayed, and the farm ends
up in a state as bad as it was before, under the dictatorship of a pig named Napoleon.
According to Orwell, the fable reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the
Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. Orwell, a democratic socialist,was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile
to Moscow-directed Stalinism, an attitude that was critically shaped by his experiences during the May Days conflicts
between the POUM and Stalinist forces during the Spanish Civil War. In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell
described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin ("un conte satirique contre Staline"), and in his
essay "Why I Write" (1946), wrote that Animal Farm was the first book in which he tried, with full consciousness
of what he was doing, "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole".
The original title was Animal Farm: A Fairy Story, but US publishers dropped the subtitle when it was published in 1946,
and only one of the translations during Orwell's lifetime, the Telugu version, kept it.
Other titular variations include subtitles like "A Satire" and "A Contemporary Satire".
Orwell suggested the title Union des républiques socialistes animales for the French translation,
which abbreviates to URSA, the Latin word for "bear", a symbol of Russia. It also played on the
French name of the Soviet Union, Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques.[
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The Philosophy
Orwell wrote the book between November 1943 and February 1944, when the United Kingdom was in its wartime alliance
with the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany, and the British intelligentsia held Stalin in high esteem, a phenomenon
Orwell hated. The manuscript was initially rejected by a number of British and American publishers, including
one of Orwell's own, Victor Gollancz, which delayed its publication. It became a great commercial success when it did
appear partly because international relations were transformed as the wartime alliance gave way to the Cold War.
Time magazine chose the book as one of the 100 best English-language novels (1923 to 2005); it also featured at number
31 on the Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels, and number 46 on the BBC's The Big Read poll.
It won a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996[14] and is included in the Great Books of the Western World
selection.
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